Observation sate

Puerto Escondido, Mexico
(97°04'26"W, 15°51'54"S)

Observer & Plan

  • SAITO Kniharu
  • MAKITA
  • HATA Shigeru
  • TOJO Shin
  • TAKEUCHI Tadao
  • Kuwazan Observatory(Kyoto University)
  • Japan Coast Guard (Maritime Safety Agency) Hydrographic Department
1967The Science Council of Japan begins discussing the observation plan.
1968Saito begins contacting the Director of the National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico.
1969Miahuatlan in the Oaxaca Basin of inland Mexico becomes a candidate observation site.
Based on information from meteorological satellites and other sources, Puerto Escondido on the Pacific coast is selected as a candidate site.
8/1969A letter of inquiry is sent to the mayor of Puerto Escondido (no reply).
The Science Council of Japan sends a request for cooperation to the Director General of the United Nations Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.。
The Embassy of Japan in Mexico communicated with the Mexican National Solar Eclipse Observation Liaison Committee.
12/1969Packing of observation equipment (Maruun K.K.)
1/8/1970Observation equipment departed Yokohama Port on the Kawasaki Kisen's "Venezuela Maru".
1/27/1970Saito (leader of the team) and Kanno Mitsuo(deputy leader of the observation team at Hanayama Observatory) departed for Mexico in advance. (Meeting with the Embassy of Japan and the National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico)
1/30/1970The team will travel to Puerto Escondido via Oaxaca (arrival on January 31).
Observation site is selected as the site of a diesel power plant of the Mexican Federal Electricity Distribution Organization.
2/4/1970Departs for Acapulco.
2/5/1970Seven follow-on observers arrived in Acapulco.
2/6/1970Equipment was loaded onto three trucks.
2/7/1970Equipment departed Acapulco before dawn, arriving at the power plant in Puerto Escondido at approximately 5:30 p.m.
2/8/1970Unpacking of equipment. Preparations began.
2/26/1970Observation rehearsals
2/28/1970Comprehensive rehearsal.
3/4/1970Photographing of the sun for absolute photometry.
3/5/1970Burn in intensity scale on film for production.
3/6/1970Second comprehensive rehearsals.
3/7/1970Observation(clear skies)
3/7/1970Started to take down the equipment in the afternoon.
3/9/1970Equipment is loaded onto trucks. Makita, Hata, Tojo, and Kubo (Hydrographic Department) departed by overnight bus.
3/10/1970The rest of the observers moved to Acapulco.
3/11/1970The team members joined them in Mexico City.
3/12/1970Depart Mexico via Los Angeles and Honolulu.
3/20/1970Returned to Haneda.
6/16/1970Equipment returns to Yokohama Port.

Result & Data

Weather: Rain early in the morning. First contact in clouds, clearing 10 minutes before second contact.

ContentsResultObserverEquipment
Imaging Corona with a horizontal telescope SuccessCoronal streamlines were captured clearly. Saito Kuniharu
Makita Mitsugu
  • Fused quartz coelostat by Nippon Kogaku(apature:30cm)
  • Horizontal camera (aperture:20cm changed 15.8cm, focal length:500cm)
  • Aerial survey camera body by Wilt-Switzerland(for24cm wide roll film)
  • Kodak Aerographic Ester base Type 2403 100feet roll film
  • Newkirk Filter by Noppon Kogaku
  • Polarizer
Photographed the chromosphere and spicule with Horizontal telescope Captured fine structure at an angle of about 3 arcseconds. Makita Mitsugu
  • The same horizontal telescope used to photograph the corona
  • Observation tube for photographing chromosphere (with 11cm-diameter reflector)
  • Nikon F camera body, Hoya R68 filter
  • kodak IVF film
Polarimetric observation of the corona using a quadruple camera Captured the internal corona (polar streamlines, prominences) Hata Shigeru
  • Long-focus quadruple camera by Nippon Kogaku(aperture:10.55cm, focal length:228cm)
  • British equatorial mount (motordrive)
  • Polarizing filter HN34, red filter (effective wavelength 6200Å in conjunction with film characteristics)
  • Four-cut sheet film by Fuji Photo Film(252 x 303 mm, equivalent to ASA-250)
Polarimetric observation of the corona by quadruple cameras External corona and sky brightness recorded Tojo Shin
  • Short-focus quadruple camera by Kussner(aperture:6.7cm, focal length:30cm)
  • Manual equatorial mount
    • *Others are the same as for the long focal length
Corona Photography Captured Corona and Prominence Tojo Shin
  • Telescope by Goto Optics(aperture:6cm, focal length:120cm)
  • Nikon F body
  • KodachromeX
Mesurment contact time Success Takeuchi Tadao ー

Horizontal camera

ImageTimeExpNote
11h27m36.47s～27m39.61s31970 Ⅲ 7 Mexico Exp3s
11h27m43.84s～27m49.82s101970 Ⅲ 7 Mexico Exp10s
11h28m45.35s～29m03.01s18Polarization direction(up-down)
1970 Ⅲ 7 Mexico Polarized step1 Exp10s
11h29m11.25s～29m29.21s18Polarization direction(right-left)
1970 Ⅲ 7 Mexico Polarized step2 Exp18s
11h29m35.92s～29m53.68s18Polarization direction(Upper Right - Lower Left)
1970 Ⅲ 7 Mexico Polarized step3 Exp18s
11h30m03.00s～30m20.37s18Polarization direction(Upper left-lower right)
1970 Ⅲ 7 Mexico Polarized step4 Exp18s
３月４日 Time unknown3Sun image for absolute photometry
1970 Ⅲ 5 ☉abs Exp3s
※ The report says “III5,” but the report says it was taken on March 4.
３月４日 unknown6Sun image for absolute photometry
1970 Ⅲ 5 ☉abs Exp3s
※ The report says “III5,” but the report says it was taken on March 4.
３月４日 unknown12Sun image for absolute photometry
1970 Ⅲ 5 ☉abs Exp3s
※ The report says “III5,” but the report says it was taken on March 4.

Short-focas camera

ImageTimeExpNote
11h27m44.03s～27m48.90s5Identification in progress
Unknown5Mexico Corona 5s no support
11h28m09.47s～28m19.51s10ABCD Mexico ☉abs 10s
UnknownUnknown
No description
UnknownUnknownMex Exp5s C D
UnknownUnknownMex Exp5s B
UnknownUnknownMex Exp10s D

長焦点カメラ

ImageTimeExpNote
Unknown5Sun image for absolute photometry
MEXICO 1970 ☉abs 5s
Unknown1MEX 1970 CORONA 1s,A
Unknown1MEX 1970 CORONA 1s,B
Unknown1MEX 1970 CORONA 1s,C
Unknown1MEX 1970 CORONA 1s,D
Unknown1MEX 1970, 1s コロナ用
Unknown1MEX 1970, コロナ1s用
Unknown5MEX 1970 CORONA 5s,A
Unknown5MEX 1970 CORONA 5s,B
Unknown5MEX 1970 CORONA 5s,C
Unknown5MEX 1970 CORONA 5s,D
Unknown5MEX 1970 CORONA5s用
Unknown10MEX 1970 CORONA 10s,A
Unknown10MEX 1970 CORONA 10s,B
Unknown10MEX 1970 CORONA 10s,C
Unknown10MEX 1970 CORONA 10s,D
Unknown10MEX 1970 CORONA用,10s
Unknown30MEX 1970 CORONA 30s,A
Unknown30MEX 1970 CORONA 30s,B
Unknown30MEX 1970 CORONA 30s,C
Unknown30MEX 1970 CORONA 30s,D
Unknown30MEX 1970 CORONA用,30s

Paper

斉藤国治、牧田貢、秦茂、東条新
1970年3月7日メキシコにおける皆既日食観測の予備報告
東京天文台報、15、No.3、p445、1971
Kuniji SAITO
Photometric and Polarimetric Analysis of the Corona Streamers Observed at the March 7, 1970 Mexican Eclipse
東京天文台年報、13、No.2、p93、1972
Shigeru HATA, Arata TOJO
Polarigraphic Observations of the Solar Corona at the Total Eclipse on March 7, 1970 in Mexico
東京天文台年報、13、No.2、p149、1972

Reference

General

進士晃、佐藤友三
1970年3月7日（世界時）の皆既日食
天文月報、61、No.6、p160、1968
齋藤国治
メキシコ日食観測計画
天文月報、63、No.2、p7、1970
メキシコとメキシコ日食（月報アルバム）
天文月報、63、No.5、p112、1970
木村精二
メキシコ日食行き顛末記
天文月報、63、No.5、p125、1970
メキシコ日食写真集（月報アルバム）
天文月報、63、No.6、p136、1970
森本雅樹
日食について
天文月報、63、No.6、p139、1970
齋藤国治
メキシコ日食観測記
天文月報、63、No.6、p140、1970
神野光男
メキシコ日食観測記～花山天文台班～
天文月報、63、No.6、p143、1970
牧田貢
彩層の直接写真をねらって
天文月報、63、No.6、p146、1970
森巧
接觸時刻の観測
天文月報、63、No.6、p147、1970
コロナ写真
天文月報、63、No.6、表紙、1970
神野光男
1970年3月7日の皆既日食についてのシンポジウム
天文月報、64、No.9、p242、1971
秦茂
思い出の日食遠征⑨　メキシコ日食
日食情報、No.40、p1、1989

About Observer

牧田　貢
齊藤国治先生をおくる
天文月報、第96巻、No.5、p270、2003
長谷川一郎
齊藤国治さんと古天文学
天文月報、第96巻、No.5、p272、2003
横尾広光
齊藤国治教授の古天文学と天文学史研究
天文月報、第96巻、No.5、p274、2003
平山　淳
齊藤国治先生の思い出
天文月報、第96巻、No.5、p276、2003
塩田和生
秦茂先生の思い出
日食情報、No.97、p29、2006
訃報（東條　新）
天文月報、第111巻、No.2、p152、2018
稲谷順司
野辺山の建設と運営を支えた東條さん
天文月報、第111巻、No.4、p260、2018
長根　潔
東條さんの思い出
天文月報、第111巻、No.4、p262、2018
海部宣男
なつかしい東條さんの「一喝」
天文月報、第111巻、No.4、p263、2018
中桐正夫
東條さんの思い出
天文月報、第111巻、No.4、p265、2018
大石雅寿
東條新　天文学会元事務長を悼む
天文月報、第111巻、No.4、p266、2018

Report

メキシコ日食観測用望遠鏡の制作
東京天文台年次報告、1968年、p35
談話会No.734
東京天文台年次報告、1968年、p48
1970メキシコ日食観測のための準備
1969年、p36
1970年3月7日メキシコ日食観測の実施
東京天文台年次報告、1970年、p39
臨時談話会
東京天文台年次報告、1970年、p64
談話会No.793
東京天文台年次報告、1970年、p67

Seminar

公演名講演者日時講演会名等
1970年3月7日メキシコ皆既日食観測概報斉藤国治、牧田責、秦 茂、東条新1970年5月13日日本天文学会1970年春季年会
太陽コロナの流線構造の解析斎藤国治1971年10月27日日本天文学会1971年秋季年会