Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection January 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 00:30 1 18 20.16 2 3 16.56 3 21 36.72 2 02:45 2 20 28.80 1 3 9.36 3 23 38.16 3 01:50 3 48 56.16 2 8 20.16 5 56 76.32 4 02:00 3 34 46.08 4 11 36.72 7 45 82.80 5 00:30 3 65 68.40 2 3 16.56 5 68 84.96 6 00:10 2 73 66.96 1 2 8.64 3 75 75.60 7 - 8 - 9 01:30 3 40 50.40 1 2 8.64 4 42 59.04 10 00:30 3 35 46.80 2 6 18.72 5 41 65.52 11 00:00 3 21 36.72 2 7 19.44 5 28 56.16 12 00:00 2 22 30.24 3 5 25.20 5 27 55.44 13 00:00 1 8 12.96 2 5 18.00 3 13 30.96 14 00:30 1 3 9.36 1 2 8.64 2 5 18.00 15 - 16 00:15 1 6 11.52 1 1 7.92 2 7 19.44 17 00:00 1 11 15.12 1 1 7.92 2 12 23.04 18 - 19 00:00 2 11 22.32 2 11 22.32 4 22 44.64 20 01:00 1 10 14.40 2 14 24.48 3 24 38.88 21 01:13 3 15 32.40 1 16 18.72 4 31 51.12 22 - 23 00:00 3 19 35.28 3 13 30.96 6 32 66.24 24 00:30 3 18 34.56 4 15 39.60 7 33 74.16 25 00:00 2 16 25.92 3 5 25.20 5 21 51.12 26 00:15 1 11 15.12 0 0 0.00 1 11 15.12 27 00:00 1 9 13.68 0 0 0.00 1 9 13.68 28 00:15 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 29 00:00 1 1 7.92 0 0 0.00 1 1 7.92 30 00:00 1 4 10.08 0 0 0.00 1 4 10.08 31 00:30 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 Monthly Mean 28.02 14.76 42.78 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection February 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 03:40 1 5 10.80 0 0 0.00 1 5 10.80 2 00:00 0 0 0.00 2 5 18.00 2 5 18.00 3 04:45 0 0 0.00 1 7 12.24 1 7 12.24 4 03:45 1 1 7.92 1 11 15.12 2 12 23.04 5 00:30 0 0 0.00 2 11 22.32 2 11 22.32 6 00:30 2 9 20.88 1 11 15.12 3 20 36.00 7 00:00 3 8 27.36 1 4 10.08 4 12 37.44 8 00:00 2 6 18.72 1 4 10.08 3 10 28.80 9 00:00 4 23 45.36 2 2 15.84 6 25 61.20 10 00:00 3 20 36.00 1 1 7.92 4 21 43.92 11 03:30 4 24 46.08 2 6 18.72 6 30 64.80 12 00:00 4 29 49.68 4 10 36.00 8 39 85.68 12 23:45 5 31 58.32 5 19 49.68 10 50 108.00 14 01:30 5 23 52.56 4 27 48.24 9 50 100.80 15 02:40 4 26 47.52 4 27 48.24 8 53 95.76 16 00:00 3 9 28.08 4 39 56.88 7 48 84.96 17 00:00 3 4 24.48 3 22 37.44 6 26 61.92 18 - 19 - 20 03:00 0 0 0.00 3 17 33.84 3 17 33.84 21 00:00 1 2 8.64 3 20 36.00 4 22 44.64 22 - 23 01:45 2 4 17.28 3 7 26.64 5 11 43.92 24 00:00 2 11 22.32 4 10 36.00 6 21 58.32 25 00:30 3 24 38.88 3 8 27.36 6 32 66.24 26 00:00 2 30 36.00 1 3 9.36 3 33 45.36 27 03:30 2 32 37.44 0 0 0.00 2 32 37.44 28 00:00 2 44 46.08 2 5 18.00 4 49 64.08 Monthly Mean 27.22 24.36 51.58 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection March 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 02:10 2 22 30.24 1 6 11.52 3 28 41.76 2 00:10 3 36 47.52 2 12 23.04 5 48 70.56 3 01:15 3 25 39.60 1 3 9.36 4 28 48.96 4 - 5 00:00 1 5 10.80 1 2 8.64 2 7 19.44 6 00:00 2 6 18.72 1 8 12.96 3 14 31.68 7 00:00 3 10 28.80 1 16 18.72 4 26 47.52 8 00:00 2 5 18.00 2 20 28.80 4 25 46.80 9 00:00 2 10 21.60 3 30 43.20 5 40 64.80 10 01:45 1 9 13.68 3 49 56.88 4 58 70.56 11 00:10 1 24 24.48 3 65 68.40 4 89 92.88 12 - 13 03:47 1 21 22.32 4 60 72.00 5 81 94.32 14 00:00 1 9 13.68 4 78 84.96 5 87 98.64 15 03:40 2 14 24.48 4 69 78.48 6 83 102.96 16 - 17 01:30 2 3 16.56 4 38 56.16 6 41 72.72 18 02:20 1 2 8.64 2 27 33.84 3 29 42.48 19 00:00 2 7 19.44 2 22 30.24 4 29 49.68 20 00:00 1 20 21.60 2 8 20.16 3 28 41.76 21 00:15 1 18 20.16 0 0 0.00 1 18 20.16 22 00:00 2 28 34.56 1 1 7.92 3 29 42.48 23 00:00 3 30 43.20 0 0 0.00 3 30 43.20 24 00:00 2 26 33.12 0 0 0.00 2 26 33.12 25 00:20 2 24 31.68 0 0 0.00 2 24 31.68 26 00:00 2 21 29.52 0 0 0.00 2 21 29.52 27 00:00 2 16 25.92 1 2 8.64 3 18 34.56 28 01:30 2 10 21.60 3 17 33.84 5 27 55.44 29 - 30 00:20 1 14 17.28 1 49 42.48 2 63 59.76 31 - Monthly Mean 24.51 28.86 53.36 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection April 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 00:30 3 20 36.00 1 26 25.92 4 46 61.92 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 00:00 3 21 36.72 4 65 75.60 7 86 112.32 7 00:10 1 13 16.56 5 45 68.40 6 58 84.96 8 00:00 2 12 23.04 10 94 139.68 12 106 162.72 9 00:00 1 6 11.52 6 105 118.80 7 111 130.32 10 - 11 00:00 1 2 8.64 6 99 114.48 7 101 123.12 12 01:30 0 0 0.00 2 44 46.08 2 44 46.08 13 00:35 0 0 0.00 3 49 56.88 3 49 56.88 14 00:00 0 0 0.00 1 46 40.32 1 46 40.32 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 00:00 1 2 8.64 1 1 7.92 2 3 16.56 19 00:05 1 8 12.96 1 10 14.40 2 18 27.36 20 00:10 1 25 25.20 1 22 23.04 2 47 48.24 20 23:45 1 37 33.84 1 30 28.80 2 67 62.64 22 03:20 1 40 36.00 1 32 30.24 2 72 66.24 23 00:00 1 56 47.52 3 31 43.92 4 87 91.44 24 - 25 01:30 1 33 30.96 3 19 35.28 4 52 66.24 26 - 27 07:50 1 35 32.40 2 45 46.80 3 80 79.20 28 00:00 1 30 28.80 1 56 47.52 2 86 76.32 29 00:00 1 18 20.16 2 66 61.92 3 84 82.08 30 00:45 1 14 17.28 3 29 42.48 4 43 59.76 Monthly Mean 21.31 53.42 74.74 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection May 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 00:05 1 3 9.36 3 24 38.88 4 27 48.24 2 - 3 01:45 0 0 0.00 3 36 47.52 3 36 47.52 4 - 5 01:30 0 0 0.00 4 51 65.52 4 51 65.52 6 00:05 1 1 7.92 4 63 74.16 5 64 82.08 7 00:10 1 6 11.52 3 105 97.20 4 111 108.72 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 00:10 2 2 15.84 2 13 23.76 4 15 39.60 12 00:00 1 4 10.08 1 7 12.24 2 11 22.32 13 00:00 1 1 7.92 1 1 7.92 2 2 15.84 14 00:15 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 15 00:00 1 1 7.92 1 3 9.36 2 4 17.28 16 - 17 - 18 00:15 1 28 27.36 2 9 20.88 3 37 48.24 19 00:15 2 34 38.88 1 4 10.08 3 38 48.96 19 23:15 2 43 45.36 0 0 0.00 2 43 45.36 21 00:00 2 49 49.68 0 0 0.00 2 49 49.68 22 00:00 3 52 59.04 4 4 31.68 7 56 90.72 23 05:45 2 26 33.12 2 2 15.84 4 28 48.96 24 00:00 2 15 25.20 3 14 31.68 5 29 56.88 25 00:00 2 11 22.32 3 37 48.24 5 48 70.56 26 04:20 1 5 10.80 2 29 35.28 3 34 46.08 27 01:20 2 5 18.00 3 17 33.84 5 22 51.84 28 00:00 1 2 8.64 2 22 30.24 3 24 38.88 29 - 30 00:00 1 12 15.84 1 6 11.52 2 18 27.36 31 04:00 1 6 11.52 1 2 8.64 2 8 20.16 Monthly Mean 18.97 28.46 47.43 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection June 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 05:50 1 4 10.08 0 0 0.00 1 4 10.08 2 - 3 01:40 0 0 0.00 1 3 9.36 1 3 9.36 4 00:00 0 0 0.00 4 11 36.72 4 11 36.72 5 02:15 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 6 02:25 2 6 18.72 0 0 0.00 2 6 18.72 7 - 7 23:50 4 18 41.76 1 3 9.36 5 21 51.12 9 01:00 1 11 15.12 2 5 18.00 3 16 33.12 10 03:40 3 22 37.44 1 4 10.08 4 26 47.52 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 02:50 3 38 48.96 1 2 8.64 4 40 57.60 15 - 16 00:00 2 36 40.32 3 3 23.76 5 39 64.08 17 - 18 - 19 02:00 1 11 15.12 2 8 20.16 3 19 35.28 20 00:00 1 7 12.24 3 23 38.16 4 30 50.40 21 00:00 2 16 25.92 3 53 59.76 5 69 85.68 22 - 22 23:50 0 0 0.00 3 72 73.44 3 72 73.44 24 00:00 0 0 0.00 3 75 75.60 3 75 75.60 25 00:30 0 0 0.00 4 79 85.68 4 79 85.68 26 - 27 - 28 - 29 - 30 00:00 1 3 9.36 3 9 28.08 4 12 37.44 Monthly Mean 16.18 29.22 45.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection July 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 - 2 00:30 1 11 15.12 2 11 22.32 3 22 37.44 3 00:00 1 29 28.08 2 11 22.32 3 40 50.40 4 00:00 1 12 15.84 2 11 22.32 3 23 38.16 5 00:30 1 24 24.48 1 20 21.60 2 44 46.08 6 01:10 2 32 37.44 1 32 30.24 3 64 67.68 7 00:50 2 46 47.52 1 26 25.92 3 72 73.44 8 00:00 2 42 44.64 1 14 17.28 3 56 61.92 9 00:00 2 41 43.92 1 1 7.92 3 42 51.84 10 00:15 2 38 41.76 0 0 0.00 2 38 41.76 11 00:40 2 21 29.52 0 0 0.00 2 21 29.52 12 - 13 00:00 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 14 00:00 0 0 0.00 1 3 9.36 1 3 9.36 15 03:30 0 0 0.00 1 5 10.80 1 5 10.80 16 00:00 0 0 0.00 2 7 19.44 2 7 19.44 17 00:00 0 0 0.00 2 6 18.72 2 6 18.72 18 00:00 2 7 19.44 2 21 29.52 4 28 48.96 19 04:00 2 8 20.16 2 6 18.72 4 14 38.88 20 00:15 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 21 01:15 1 1 7.92 1 6 11.52 2 7 19.44 22 - 23 - 24 00:15 1 3 9.36 0 0 0.00 1 3 9.36 25 00:00 1 3 9.36 1 1 7.92 2 4 17.28 26 00:00 0 0 0.00 1 3 9.36 1 3 9.36 27 00:00 0 0 0.00 1 5 10.80 1 5 10.80 28 - 29 - 30 - 31 00:00 1 9 13.68 1 24 24.48 2 33 38.16 Monthly Mean 17.73 14.19 31.92 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection August 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 00:00 1 6 11.52 2 19 28.08 3 25 39.60 1 23:15 1 7 12.24 2 12 23.04 3 19 35.28 3 00:00 1 8 12.96 2 11 22.32 3 19 35.28 4 00:00 2 6 18.72 2 10 21.60 4 16 40.32 5 - 6 00:00 1 32 30.24 1 4 10.08 2 36 40.32 7 00:00 1 49 42.48 2 10 21.60 3 59 64.08 8 00:10 1 38 34.56 2 12 23.04 3 50 57.60 9 00:00 2 20 28.80 2 20 28.80 4 40 57.60 10 00:10 3 25 39.60 2 16 25.92 5 41 65.52 11 00:05 1 2 8.64 2 2 15.84 3 4 24.48 12 01:10 0 0 0.00 1 1 7.92 1 1 7.92 13 02:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 14 00:00 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 1 2 8.64 15 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 16 02:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 17 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 18 00:10 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 19 - 20 00:00 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 21 00:00 2 10 21.60 0 0 0.00 2 10 21.60 22 00:00 1 13 16.56 0 0 0.00 1 13 16.56 23 00:15 1 3 9.36 0 0 0.00 1 3 9.36 24 - 25 - 26 00:00 3 16 33.12 0 0 0.00 3 16 33.12 27 00:00 3 26 40.32 0 0 0.00 3 26 40.32 28 00:15 5 33 59.76 0 0 0.00 5 33 59.76 29 00:05 3 34 46.08 1 8 12.96 4 42 59.04 30 03:30 2 15 25.20 2 17 26.64 4 32 51.84 31 01:55 7 45 82.80 2 23 30.96 9 68 113.76 Monthly Mean 21.60 11.39 32.99 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection September 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 01:45 6 38 70.56 2 42 44.64 8 80 115.20 2 - 3 00:15 4 51 65.52 5 116 119.52 9 167 185.04 4 00:10 4 56 69.12 5 95 104.40 9 151 173.52 5 - 6 - 7 01:15 2 24 31.68 3 77 77.04 5 101 108.72 8 00:00 2 13 23.76 3 74 74.88 5 87 98.64 9 00:00 2 9 20.88 4 88 92.16 6 97 113.04 10 06:00 1 2 8.64 3 66 69.12 4 68 77.76 11 00:00 1 2 8.64 2 45 46.80 3 47 55.44 12 00:40 1 3 9.36 2 16 25.92 3 19 35.28 13 - 13 23:25 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 15 00:00 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 16 01:50 2 5 18.00 1 1 7.92 3 6 25.92 16 23:15 1 8 12.96 1 2 8.64 2 10 21.60 18 - 19 00:00 1 4 10.08 3 4 24.48 4 8 34.56 20 - 21 00:00 4 12 37.44 0 0 0.00 4 12 37.44 22 - 22 23:15 5 37 62.64 0 0 0.00 5 37 62.64 24 01:00 6 54 82.08 0 0 0.00 6 54 82.08 24 23:15 7 48 84.96 0 0 0.00 7 48 84.96 26 00:00 6 48 77.76 1 3 9.36 7 51 87.12 27 02:40 5 44 67.68 2 8 20.16 7 52 87.84 28 00:15 4 36 54.72 2 13 23.76 6 49 78.48 28 23:15 6 30 64.80 3 22 37.44 9 52 102.24 30 - Monthly Mean 40.45 35.74 76.19 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection October 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 00:00 5 23 52.56 2 42 44.64 7 65 97.20 2 00:30 4 17 41.04 3 52 59.04 7 69 100.08 3 00:20 3 7 26.64 2 30 36.00 5 37 62.64 4 00:00 2 5 18.00 3 41 51.12 5 46 69.12 5 - 6 00:30 2 4 17.28 3 9 28.08 5 13 45.36 7 - 8 - 8 23:15 1 3 9.36 2 6 18.72 3 9 28.08 9 23:00 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 1 2 8.64 10 23:30 0 0 0.00 1 1 7.92 1 1 7.92 12 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 03:40 0 0 0.00 1 6 11.52 1 6 11.52 17 - 18 - 19 - 20 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 21 - 22 00:00 1 2 8.64 1 8 12.96 2 10 21.60 23 00:00 2 7 19.44 1 15 18.00 3 22 37.44 24 00:00 2 3 16.56 1 29 28.08 3 32 44.64 25 00:00 3 7 26.64 1 40 36.00 4 47 62.64 26 00:00 4 13 38.16 2 41 43.92 6 54 82.08 27 - 28 - 29 00:00 4 16 40.32 1 37 33.84 5 53 74.16 30 02:10 4 14 38.88 2 21 29.52 6 35 68.40 30 23:30 4 8 34.56 2 20 28.80 6 28 63.36 Monthly Mean 20.43 26.15 46.57 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection November 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 - 2 00:45 1 2 8.64 2 10 21.60 3 12 30.24 3 05:00 1 2 8.64 2 2 15.84 3 4 24.48 4 02:40 1 1 7.92 1 2 8.64 2 3 16.56 5 00:00 1 1 7.92 1 1 7.92 2 2 15.84 6 - 7 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 8 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 9 02:35 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 10 - 11 02:35 1 3 9.36 0 0 0.00 1 3 9.36 12 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 13 00:00 1 3 9.36 1 1 7.92 2 4 17.28 14 00:00 1 4 10.08 0 0 0.00 1 4 10.08 15 02:10 1 9 13.68 0 0 0.00 1 9 13.68 16 00:15 1 13 16.56 0 0 0.00 1 13 16.56 17 00:00 1 12 15.84 0 0 0.00 1 12 15.84 18 00:00 1 10 14.40 0 0 0.00 1 10 14.40 19 00:00 2 7 19.44 0 0 0.00 2 7 19.44 20 00:15 2 5 18.00 0 0 0.00 2 5 18.00 21 00:00 2 6 18.72 0 0 0.00 2 6 18.72 22 00:00 1 3 9.36 2 18 27.36 3 21 36.72 22 23:15 0 0 0.00 3 33 45.36 3 33 45.36 24 00:15 1 1 7.92 3 33 45.36 4 34 53.28 25 00:15 1 2 8.64 3 43 52.56 4 45 61.20 26 00:15 1 6 11.52 4 45 61.20 5 51 72.72 27 00:15 1 10 14.40 3 40 50.40 4 50 64.80 28 01:45 1 8 12.96 3 33 45.36 4 41 58.32 28 23:30 1 6 11.52 4 51 65.52 5 57 77.04 30 00:00 1 11 15.12 4 63 74.16 5 74 89.28 Monthly Mean 10.00 19.60 29.60 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo Zeiss 20 cm Refractor, drawing by projection December 1973 (k = 0.72) Date Time(UT) North South Total h m g f R g f R g f R 1 02:15 1 2 8.64 3 37 48.24 4 39 56.88 2 - 3 00:10 0 0 0.00 2 16 25.92 2 16 25.92 4 00:00 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 1 2 8.64 5 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 6 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 7 00:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 7 23:30 1 4 10.08 0 0 0.00 1 4 10.08 8 23:30 1 3 9.36 0 0 0.00 1 3 9.36 10 01:50 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 11 01:30 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 11 23:30 1 2 8.64 1 2 8.64 2 4 17.28 13 04:00 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 14 03:55 1 2 8.64 0 0 0.00 1 2 8.64 15 00:15 1 1 7.92 0 0 0.00 1 1 7.92 16 01:20 2 5 18.00 0 0 0.00 2 5 18.00 17 00:15 2 4 17.28 1 6 11.52 3 10 28.80 18 00:00 2 3 16.56 1 13 16.56 3 16 33.12 19 00:15 2 5 18.00 2 17 26.64 4 22 44.64 20 00:00 1 4 10.08 2 54 53.28 3 58 63.36 21 00:15 1 3 9.36 2 48 48.96 3 51 58.32 22 00:40 1 2 8.64 2 34 38.88 3 36 47.52 23 00:15 1 2 8.64 4 34 53.28 5 36 61.92 24 03:30 1 2 8.64 4 38 56.16 5 40 64.80 25 00:15 1 2 8.64 4 33 52.56 5 35 61.20 26 00:00 1 1 7.92 3 23 38.16 4 24 46.08 27 02:10 1 1 7.92 2 9 20.88 3 10 28.80 28 00:15 0 0 0.00 2 3 16.56 2 3 16.56 29 00:50 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 30 01:00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 31 00:45 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 0 0 0.00 Monthly Mean 7.30 17.50 24.79 --------------------------------------------------------------------